Microbial Keratitis Treatment
What is Microbial Keratitis?
Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped front surface of your eye. Microbial keratitis is a serious infection of the cornea caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. Untreated microbial keratitis can lead to severe complications, including vision loss.
Causes of Keratitis
Infectious Causes
Bacteria
Often linked to contact lens wear (especially extended wear and poor hygiene), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being a common culprit. Other bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can also cause infection.
Fungi
Less common but potentially severe, with risk factors including steroid use, pre-existing eye conditions, and eye injuries involving plant matter.
Viruses
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster virus (HZV) are frequent viral causes.
Acanthamoeba
A microscopic amoeba is found in water and soil. Contact lens wearers using contaminated tap water or homemade saline solutions are at higher risk.
Non-Infectious Causes
Wearing contact lenses for extended periods.
Minor eye injuries or scratches.
Symptoms of Keratitis
Risk Factors for Microbial Keratitis
Contact lens wear (especially overnight wear and improper care)
Eye injury or trauma
Weakened immune system
Use of contaminated contact lens solutions or cases
Exposure to contaminated water (e.g., swimming in lakes or hot tubs while wearing contacts)
Pre-existing eye conditions
Our Approach to Diagnosis
Comprehensive Eye Exam
Assesses overall eye health and identifies contributing factors.
Penlight Exam
Checks pupil response to light, which can indicate nerve involvement.
Slit-Lamp Exam
Provides a magnified view of the cornea to visualize the ulcer’s size, depth, and characteristics, as well as inflammation.
Laboratory Analysis
Cultures and microscopic examination of samples identify the specific microorganism for targeted treatment.
Treatment Options
Bacterial Keratitis
Antibiotic eye drops and/or oral antibiotics.
Fungal Keratitis
Antifungal eye drops and/or oral antifungal medications.
Viral Keratitis
Antiviral eye drops and/or oral antiviral medications.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Antiparasitic eye drops, often requiring extended treatment.
Corneal Perforation
Tissue adhesive glue for small perforations. Bandage contact lenses to promote healing.